Microeconomics Monopolistic Competition

Question: Talk about the Microeconomics for Monopolistic Competition. Answer: Presentation: Aside from item publicizing, organizations working in a monopolistic kind of market can build their benefits through item separation. Item separation is the work on separating an assistance or ware from others through the fuse of different properties, for example, value, benefits, styling, quality, administration among others. (Besanko, Braeutigam, Gibbs, 2011). Setting a specific cost which is lower contrasted with that of different contenders is among the segments of item separation which is intended to keep up and increment the degree of interest. Item separation can take different structures for instance physical ware separation. This is the place organizations use configuration, shape, size, execution, and structure to make uniqueness in their items. Firms can likewise separate their products and ventures utilizing different kinds of shopping, for example, through the web. Through web shopping, for instance, an organization will have the option to catch huge customers contrasted with different dealers who don't utilize the web. Put forth a defense for why monopolistically serious enterprises never arrive at since quite a while ago run balance. Procuring of supernormal benefits in the short-run draws in new firms over the long haul which in the process will lessen the monetary benefits made before to zero level. At this level, organizations in the business will acquire typical benefits. At this phase there will be no item separation and no firm will get abundance returns since, all organizations have comparable items concerning value, quality, and structure. As a general rule, this stage is out of reach since, over the long haul; new firms enter with new items which infer a beginning in the item life cycle. Other organizations' products may be encountering either last phases of the cycle or exponential stage. This distinction in item life cycle suggests that organizations in the business will get diverse winning relying upon the phase of their merchandise in the item's life cycle. In this manner, accomplishing balance will never be conceivable. References Besanko, D., Braeutigam, R. R., Gibbs, M. (2011).Microeconomics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.

Social Philosophy Has Its Place in Social Work Practice Free Essays

Social work as a control focuses on hypothetical and philosophical positions, for example, social equity, uniformity, and strengthening and these might be portrayed as â€Å"philosophies of social work†. (Mackie, 2007) Historically during social works early years, moral concerns established the frameworks for the improvement of social work and the chief estimations of the calling, with specific accentuation on the hugeness of individual worth and poise and administration to mankind (Bisman, 2004). A considerable lot of our contemporary expert social work esteems and morals have been built based on Kantian and Utilitarian methods of reasoning and albeit commonly they are considered as choices; the two speculations of depend on the presumption of the person as an unreservedly acting individual and in fact the ways of thinking offer and hold the accompanying methodologies: †¢ The virtue of individual people as self-sufficient normal creatures; †¢ The all inclusiveness of qualities and standards; †¢ The chance of deriving moral ‘laws’ through sane reflection; †¢ The objective of individual freedom; opportunity and liberation and in the simply requesting of a general public. We will compose a custom paper test on Social Philosophy Has Its Place in Social Work Practice or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Human rights and social equity are plainly draw from Kantian and Utilitarian social methods of reasoning and today are viewed as essential principals in the act of social work (Banks 2001). In this paper the creator will consider what social way of thinking is and what impact if any it has on social work practice in 2011/2012. Political way of thinking is affected by social way of thinking which thus affects the work has completed by social specialists ‘a unbending division among political and social way of thinking is unimaginable, and social logicians, have impacted late political way of thinking. Social way of thinking likewise manages philosophical issues identifying with establishments, for example, the family, religion and training. (Bunmin, 2004) Philosophers saw that the advancement of human conduct was formed by their social condition and for the most part serious in nature. From these philosophical causes cooperation developed into what we presently know as collectivistic or communist speculations Kantian deontological morals is a guideline based morals wherein reason is focal. Reasons rouse or incline activity. Dark, 2010)Kant’s moral hypothesis is grounded in the regard owed to people since they are discerning good operators. As social specialists we work with administration clients to decide ‘what is the best thing to do’. Reasons are viewed as more dependable when making moral decisions than feelings. It is not necessarily the case that Kant disregards the significance of feelings, only that they don't give the ethical operator explanation behin d activity. Moral thought processes are joined to moral rules that lead individuals to make the best choice. (Dark, 2010) Autonomy and opportunity are two total qualities for Kant. He accepted that since individuals were objective creatures, they had the capacity to make widespread laws and tail them. Besides, individuals were self-directed by their own principles/laws since they were allowed to decide for themselves without laws forced by others. In this way, the two ideas of self-governance and opportunity were indistinguishable in Kantian hypothesis and reliantly associated (RHODES, 1986). Interestingly with different hypotheses on morals, for example, gratification and utilitarianism, Kant accepted that the motivation behind morals was not to instruct individuals to go after their own joy. Despite what might be expected, moral living for Kant was accomplished at the expense of our desires and impulses. Anyway it is vital for people to know about their very own needs and wills. Concerning social hard working attitudes, the Kantian ethic of self-assurance is one of the most significant moral duties of the social work calling. Social laborers are instructed to mediate in human lives such that their activities safeguard the privilege of all people to decide for themselves. Self-assurance is a central worth that involves us as social laborers to regard the individual and urge the individual to represent themselves(Parrott, 2008). In light of the double focal point of the Kantian hypothesis in self-sufficiency and opportunity, the ethic of self-assurance mirrors a conviction that everybody is a judicious being who can choose their own about what is positive or negative. Along these lines, a balanced being can likewise comprehend the importance of discipline when their activities encroach on the opportunity and the self-sufficiency of others (Clark, 2000). Besides, social laborers are likewise dedicated to act with deference for one’s pride, and this additionally exhibits Kantian reasoning and its supreme moral commitment to consider each to be as an end and not as a methods (Rhodes, 1986). Anyway social laborers should be cognizant, that self-assurance by and by might be indistinct and can be viewed as ‘professional ideologyâ€an between related arrangement of qualities and thoughts. The idea is gotten from various thoughts and qualities outside social work, however it seems to have minimal direct significance to social work practically speaking. (SPICKER, 1990) Kant’s guideline of regard for people, which is applicable for current social work is as an end in itself, and is attached to his perspective on people as objective creatures with self-governance and the ability to practice decision (Gray, 2000). It is this state of human office that sets the object of good prerequisite set up and puts impediments on our activities. It is correctly this perspective on the person that social work embraces. It prompts consideration being paid to obligation as the flipside of obligation or commitment and to moral dynamic as a sound action. The exemplary utilitarian’s accept that a definitive decent is something that the vast majority really want, for example, bliss or delight. In particular, the principle of moral debauchery and the vast majority of the advanced utilitarian’s accept joy as a definitive objective to which we should point. In its most straightforward structure, utilitarianism expresses that in any circumstance where there is an ethical decision, which is probably going to deliver the best bliss for the best number of individuals or minimal mischief to the world overall. In this manner, everybody should comply with the laws that guarantee the harmony between the useful for the individual and for the general public overall (Rhodes, 1986; Clark, 2000) However concentrating on an utilitarian standpoint dismisses the individual and their qualities and the uproars that occurred in England over the late spring features this. The legislature â€Å"blamed a â€Å"broken society† for the rush of revolting and plundering that spread through London http://www. gatekeeper. co. k/social-care-organize/2011/dec/09/live-perusing the-riots-social-careand there was a noisy national objection to manage the individuals that that partook in the uproars and to give them sanctions like I. e. ousting from social lodging, loss of state benefits, prison sentences However there were no contemplations made for people and talk like ‘social battle back’ gave such a contentious situation from the administration. The mid year riots accentuated the requirement f or social specialists to stick to the GSCC codes of training and to hold quick to morals and qualities that under pin the order even with the conviction based frenzy. As stressed by Theresa May’s and David Cameron ongoing addresses â€Å"The riots weren’t about fights, joblessness, cuts,† she said. â€Å"The riots weren’t about the future, about tomorrow. They were about today. They were about at this point. They were about moment satisfaction. Since all the uproars truly come down to was cash. † â€Å"Parts of the state and its offices had gotten discouraged from an ethical breakdown that has seen youngsters without fathers and distanced, furious youngsters. The mobs were not about race or destitution, yet about conduct and good breakdown and individuals without legitimate limits. http://www. gatekeeper. co. uk/social-care-arrange/2011/dec/09/live-perusing the-riots-social-care This features the test that social specialists face in contemporary social work, as ‘agents of the state’ how accomplish we work with these administration clients and engage them to settle on their own choices when the prese nt government deprecates their disappointments and excuses the imbalances that they experience on an everyday premise and overlook their sentiments of weakness, voicelessness and under-portrayal. The administration standpoint doesn't think about the proof which proposes that agitators were commonly less fortunate than the nation on the loose. Investigation of in excess of a 1,000 court records recommends 59% of the England agitators originate from 20% of the most denied regions of the UK. Different investigation did by the Department for Education and the Ministry of Justice on youthful uproar litigants found that 64% originated from the least fortunate fifth of regions and just 3% from the most extravagant. This perspective makes it hard for administration clients to not respect social specialists with a demeanor of doubt ‘social laborers have consistently been seen by certain individuals, on the most distant left of the political range, as a major aspect of the social issue since they are operators of the state. This point of view sees social workers’ job as a sop for poor people and the minimized by a fierce industrialist framework. (Okitikpi, 2011) Although this might be hard for some assistance clients, at last as a feature of their code from The British Association of Social Workers (BASW, 2002): â€Å"social laborers have an obligation to†¦ ring to the consideration of people with significant influence and the overall population, and where fitting test manners by which the strategies or exercises of government, associations or society make or add to basic detriments, hardship and enduring or militate against their help (BASW, 200

The Tweet That Changed My Life

The Tweet That Changed My Life I never asked for this. I stumbled into minimalism serendipitously, haphazardly, not knowing what I was looking for. The year was 2009, early autumn. As the leaves resisted their change in color, my dying mother resisted the division of cancer cells in her body. But they metastasized beyond her lungs to other vital organs and, eventually, her brain. A month after she passed, my marriage ended abruptly, and I didnt know which way was up anymore. All I knew was that I wasnt happy. I had worked unimaginably hard for more than a decade, chasing happiness around every bendâ€"but the faster I ran, the further away it was. As my twenties twilighted, I went searching for answers, looking for anything to help me figure it all out. At that point, any answer wouldve sufficed. Then in November 2009, a single tweet changed my life: someone I followed on Twitter, which I hadnt used much up to that point, shared a link to a video from a young Midwesterner named Colin Wright. Dont ask me why, but for some reason I felt compelled to click the link. Colin had an interesting story. He, too, had been unhappy with the status quo, tired of slaving 70-plus hours a week as a faceless cog in the wheel. But, unlike me, Colin had taken action to rid himself of his discontent: hed walked away from his career and decided he could work for himself. He decided he could pursue his passionsâ€"traveling the worldâ€"while making less money. He said this transition was easy for him, because he was a minimalist.  I didnt have a clue what minimalism was, and I certainly didnt have the desire to leave Ohio and travel around the world as a peripatetic writer, but when I heard him talk about his newfound freedomâ€"how minimalism allowed him to focus on the most important things in his lifeâ€"I immediately said, Im in.  I spent the next eight months simplifying my life, shedding the vast majority of my material possessions, though it wasnt always easy. As the saying goes, the things we own end up owning us. Over time, we become our things, our possessions become a part of usâ€"part of our identity. But I didnt let that stop me: I knew a more meaningful life was out there, so I kept simplifying, questioning my stuff, forcing myself to give less meaning to my things and more meaning to my health, my relationships, and the most important areas of my life. By the time the summer of 2010 arrived, Id drastically simplified the way I live. I was still working 70 hours a week, but I had more time to focus on my passion:  writing literary fiction. Since I was 22, Id wanted to write fiction. For me, literature did something magical that no other art form could do: it allowed an exchange of consciousness between the author and his characters and the reader. I was spellbound by this exchange: it created an emotional resonance that made me want to participate, to create, to write. So at 22, I started tinkering around with fiction, writing whenever I could, whenever a free moment presented itself, cobbling together stories of lives far more interesting than the banality of my own corporate-driven existence. In June 2010, a year before I turned 30, I decided to take a week off work and stay with a friend in Brooklyn, a week in which I planned to sort through things and determine the right direction for my life. A day before I left Ohio, I saw another tweet from Colin. He was back in the states for two months, and he wanted to know if anyone had a smartphone he could use. I did. He asked me to mail it to New York City, where he would be for the next week. Hey, I thought, Ill be in New York, too. Lets do lunch. It just so happened that Colin was starting an indie publishing company (an early iteration of Asymmetrical Press), and I wanted some advice about publishing my fiction. Id been writing for seven years, and Id become quite good at it, but all I had to show for it was a two-inch-thick stack of rejection letters from scads of literary agents. In New York, Colin and I had lunch. He liked my writing, and so he offered me an idea: he said I should start a blog and see what happens. I dismissed this idea at firstâ€"I was completely ignorant to the whole nonfiction genre. So I sat on the idea, not paying it much mindâ€"at first. Then in October 2010, a year after my mother died, my best friend, Ryan, began noticing a marked difference in my attitude. For the first time in a long time, I was happy. Life wasnt perfect, and I still wanted to change a shedload, but I was happy and it showed. I shared with him what Id done over the last year to simplify my life, showing him Colins blog, as well as some interesting insights from Leo Babauta, Joshua Becker, Courtney Carver, et al. Just as I had a year earlier, Ryan unearthed the freedom that minimalism brought to his life. Together, we were able to sculpt an interesting story from our newfound, purpose-driven lives. He understood I was passionate about writing, and I knew he was passionate about helping people change, so we decided to document our journey into minimalism online, adding value to other peoples lives. The rest is history, as it were, although that history is the most exciting part. Clueless and fumble-prone, we launched this website, The Minimalists, on December 14, 2010. Over the next year, something astonishing occurred: people actually found value in our words, so they shared our essays with their friends and loved ones. Our site grew, and, thanks to some incredibly kind people, we were featured all over the web. We left our six-figure corporate jobs and published four books, including my first fiction book, all four of which received phenomenal praise and ended up becoming bestsellers. And now, even though  I dont have a college degree, Im teaching an online writing class to help people who want to learn from my years of writing experience. Most important, Ryan and I have been able to contribute beyond ourselves: minimalism has allowed us to shed the excess so we can live intentionally and contribute to others in a meaningful way. And that is the most fulfilling part of this entire journey. All this, the result of a single tweet. You never know what small decision will lead to great change. I cant imagine what my life would be like if I hadnt leapt down the rabbit hole that day. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Summary of Charles Beards Framing the Constitution. Essay

Charles Beard’s suggested that the Constitution was a document that was only created to protect the framer’s wealth. Beard believed that the reason why the rich framers wanted to protect against majority rule was to prevent the majority to overthrow the rich. Beard did manage to fit most of the framers under â€Å"rich† categories such as lawyers, landowners, and merchants. But, he failed to realize that the framers limited majority rule to protect the rights of minorities, also. The framers attempted to perfect the constitution by protecting the minority while giving majority some power. The Constitution was drafted by framers that took a lot of time and effort to make a document that has held this nation together for centuries. The†¦show more content†¦But, the Constitution limits the majority only because of the fear of uprisings from the minorities. The framers wrote the Constitution with the mindset of preventing the majority to dominate the m inority. If there was no limit on majority rule, the majority could end up making all the decisions. This would leave the minorities fueled with anger and they would have a reason to overthrow the government. An uprising that caused the framers to limit majority rule was Shay’s Rebellion. The framers saw that the minority, poor farmers, did not have any choice because the majority dominated them. The framers also realized that this uprising could have taken down the nation because the nation was also unorganized and weak at that time. This event made the framers realized that the minority should also have power or else the majority would dominate again. Notes: * Plenty of grammatical errors. * Your main point was obvious: Beard’s opinion is incorrect, and limiting majority rule was for political purposes, not economical purposes. * Try to make your points more concise. I had a hard time understanding what the main point of each paragraph was. * Write like a pundit. Make a clear, strong point. Don’t cloud your point with slips of data. * I’m not sure if your interpretations of majority rule match mine. Majority rule was instituted to protect the majority from getting too powerful. The majority could not act unwillingly against the minority’sShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNetworked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Mode l 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure

Profile Of A Leader Of Higher Education - 3085 Words

Profile of a Leader in Higher Education Position Description What is your position title and the name of the institution at which you are employed? Shawn Bristle, Campus Dean at Mohave Community College (MCC), Bullhead City Campus. Where does your position fit within the organizational structure or hierarchy? The hierarchy consists of the president, vice president, two college wide deans that serve the functional areas of student service and instruction and four campus deans that services the operational aspect of each campus. The college wide deans and campus deans have areas overlap. What is the scope of your leadership duties and responsibilities? One of the unusual things about MCC, I directly supervise only four people, but expected to operate as a manager and leader within a non-direct supervisory matter, which is sometimes a little awkward. Budget authority consists of campus operational budget whereas faculties falls within that scope with signing authority of $5000. Do you participate in budget meetings for our campus? I do, but how loud my voice is, can be at questioned we engage in a centralized structure, therefore it really is the central folks that make the decisions. However, if real need can be explained it could happen. How were you selected for the position you currently hold? Even though I was an internal candidate, they did a full nationwide search. I went through a significant process. There were two finalists for the BullheadShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Problems Of Participation Of Students1262 Words   |  6 Pagesyouth with older age group (26-35 years) are slightly higher (59%) than the younger respondents (18-25 years). It may be a reason that older age youth are living in the place all the times and face the problems either personal level or community level, so they would be coming forward to solve their problems. The participation of male and female is almost same. however, Female participation is slightly higher (56%) over male (55%). There is higher variance among respondents belonging to different castesRead MoreEnhancing Student Relatioship Management With Social Media Marketing929 Words   |  4 Pagesaddition to Facebook social network appears LinkedIn, for business purposes. L inkedIn works to cut the age of users, explaining that they want to allow the younger generation such as future students to more easily find college for continuing their education. All this shows that universities are highly presented in LinkedIn social network and there can be a high amount of information about them. Many universities have their presentations on the YouTube channel, Twitter, Instagram, Google+, but much lessRead MoreDecision Making Among Ncaa Autonomy Institutions1485 Words   |  6 PagesDecision Making Among NCAA Autonomy Institutions Since the inception of high profile intercollegiate athletics, there has been a debate regarding the place of athletics within the structure of higher education. Within the last few decades, this debate has intensified as intercollegiate athletics has transformed into a multi-billion dollar industry that shifted the way athletic departments operate. College athletic departments have been able to generate millions of dollars in revenue through corporateRead MoreWhat Is The Role Of The Political Leaders Within The European Union?1121 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation is important when looking at two different leaders within the Lithuanian government that play critical roles involving the European Union. Those leaders are Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis and Minister of Economy Mindaugas SinkeviÄ ius. The background information is also important when looking at how both leaders deal with issues in their country and how they view or interpret issues within the European Union. Person al information on both leaders is also useful when seeing how they handle variousRead MoreEssay about The Human Right Violation that is Child Marriage1307 Words   |  6 Pagessupposed to be the happiest day in a girl’s life, but to many girls in Africa, marriage is a way to survive, a solution to poverty, a way to take their childhood and education away, a world full of violence, abuse,and inequality. Every year, more than a million girls in the developing world are married as children, denied their right to educations,health and opportunities, and even more worse, robbed of their childhood.Although the definition of child marriage included boys, most children married underRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Samsung Smart Tv1720 Words   |  7 PagesSamsung is brand name with a strong presence in the consumer electronics market . Samsung is the leader in the flat TV industry with 25.2% of the global market share. The company developed new technologies that has made a revolution in the way people watch TV by inventing Samsung Smart TV. Samsung realized that marketing is all about the customer, and how to convince him with my product rather than the comparators similar product. This means understanding the customers needs and the factorsRead MoreAnalysis of South Africa Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesprobability of dying under five years of age is 45. Males between the ages of 15 to 60 have a higher death rate than females in the same age group. The death rate per 1,000 people for males is 474 and for females it is 407 people (WHO, 2013). Government South Africa’s government is a Republic and ran by the current president Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma (Republic of South Africa, 2013, government leaders). President Zuma was elected in 2009 by the deputy of ministers. Since the government is a republicRead MoreDescriptions Of Early Childhood Educators Leaders Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesDescriptions of Early Childhood Educators Leaders The first leader I interviewed was with Mrs. Brown, A. who is Executive Director of the First Baptist Head Start program. Mrs. Brown stated that her job responsibilities entail a complete oversight of the day to day operations of the Head Start Program. She proceeded by discussing the public policies which she stated was guided by the Head Start Performance Standards and Head Start Act. The agency serves over 438 children through six child developmentRead MoreThe Assessment Of School Effectiveness Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesIncluded will be a description of the methodologies and findings of the focus group followed by recommendations and an action plan for implementation. Profile of School and Community Clermont Elementary School is located in Alexandria, Virginia, and is part of Fairfax County Public Schools. Based on the statistics found in the FCPS school profile, Clermont hosts 508 students ranging from kindergarten to sixth grade. There are several ethnicities that make up the student body: White (non-Hispanic)Read MoreLeadership Is A God Given Gift. De Facto Not Just Anyone Can Be A Leader983 Words   |  4 Pagesthat leadership is a God-given gift; de facto not just anyone can be a leader. Education today is an embodiment of diversity. Each aspect of the educational institution’s architecture demands an array of varying needs be meet with precision, dedication, mastery, and fortitude. A leader must personify patience, enthusiasm, and a desire for continued learning. A leader must lead by example. These traits embody an exceptional leader, which in the fast-paced, instant gratification society of today, are

Consumer Protection Act Free Essays

THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT, 1986 Though consumer is the purpose and most powerful motivating force of production, yet at the same time consumer is equally vulnerable segment of the whole marketing system. Attempts have been made to guard the interest of the consumer in a sporadic way till 1986, when Government of India enacted a comprehensive legislation-Consumer Protection Act, to safe guard the interest of the consumer than ever before. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986, applies to all goods and services, excluding goods for resale or for commercial purpose and services rendered free of charge and under a contract for personal service. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Protection Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now The provisions of the Act are compensatory in nature. It covers public, private, joint and cooperative sectors. The Act enshrines the rights of the consumer such as right to safety, right to be informed, right to be heard, and right to choose, right to seek redressal and right to consumer education. Consumer:  A consumer is any person who buys any goods for a consideration and user of such goods where the use is with the approval of buyer, any person who hires/avails of any service for a consideration and any beneficiary of such services, where such services are availed of with the approval of the person hiring the service. The consumer need not have made full payment. Goods:  Ã‚  Goods mean any movable property and also include shares, but do not include any auction able claims. Service:  Ã‚  Service of any description such as banking, insurance, transport, processing, housing construction, supply of electrical energy, entertainment, board or lodging. Nature of complaint: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Any unfair trade practice or restrictive trade practice adopted; by the trader   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  b) Defective goods b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Deficiency in service c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Excess price charged ;by the trader d)  Ã‚  Unlawful goods sale, which is hazardous to life and safety when used Consumer Courts:  Ã‚  A three-tier-system a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission: claims above Rs. 0 lakh (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission or State Commission:  Claims from Rs 5 to 20 lakh. (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum or District Forum:  Claims upto Rs 5 Lakh Complaint:  A complaint, hand written or typed, can be filed by a consumer, a registered consumer organisation, cent ral or state Government and one or more consumers, where there are numerous consumers having the same interest. No stamp or court fee is needed. The nature of complaint must be clearly mentioned as well as the relief sought by the consumer. It must be in quadruplicate in district forum or state commission. Else, additional copies are required to be filed. Grant of relief: (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Repair of defective goods (b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Replacement of defective goods (c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refund of the price paid  for the defective goods or service (d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Removal of deficiency in service (e)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refund of extra money charged (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Withdrawal of  goods hazardous to life and safety (g)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Compensation for the loss or injury suffered by the consumer due to negligence of the opposite party (h)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adequate cost of filing and pursuing the complaint   Ã‚  Ã‚  Normally, complaints should be decided within 90 days from the date of notice issued to the opposite party. Where a sample of any goods is required to be tested, a complaint is required to be disposed of within 150 days; it may take more time due to practical problems. Consumer Protection Councils:  Councils have been setup in all states and at the center to promote and protect the rights and interest of consumers. These councils are advisory in nature and can play important role in recommending consumer oriented policies to the state and central Government. How to cite Consumer Protection Act, Papers

Accounting Essay free essay sample

Cake is among one of the most popular desserts eaten at ceremonial occasions especially during events like weddings, birthdays and anniversaries. There are countless types of cakes in the world nowadays. Although most cakes share common cooking procedures, the ingredients are what define each type of cake from one another. Thus, the required ingredients of a particular type of cake are crucial in successfully making the cake. Similarly, certain expertises, attributes and skills of a Chartered Accountant lead them onto the path of success. Such expertise, attribute and skill required for success as a CA include having expertise in numeracy, good communication skills and a strong sense of integrity. Generally speaking, many people in the world today have the misconception that the accounting profession is boring. Nevertheless, the CA designation requires accountants to be more involved in a far broader range of activities than just simple book-keeping. According to Henry Cisneros, accounting â€Å"is not a field that is standing still- it’s changing very rapidly†¦accounting is not a boring profession anymore† (Dalal). We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thereupon, the journey to become a successful CA is very long and excruciating. First of all, students have to endure through the countless university assessments and exams to obtain a business degree. Be mindful that â€Å"the business degree alone will not qualify you as a chartered accountant† (â€Å"How to Become a Chartered Accountant†). After obtaining the 4-year, 120 credit-hour university degree, one must complete a CA accredited university program or, obtain 3 years of practical experience with a CA training office. Afterwards, it is necessary for one to successfully complete the ICAO Professional Program. Ultimately, one is required to write and pass the Uniform Evaluation (UFE) in order to be qualified as a CA (â€Å"Become a CA†). After all, there is a good reason as to why the process of becoming a CA is so intense. In obtaining the thorough knowledge in the principles of accounting and experiences required to become a CA, one will develop a keen sense in dealing with the many difficult situations they may experience. Furthermore, the necessary expertise with numeracy will also be obtained from consistent practise and experience. For the most part, CAs must have an expertise in numeracy so they feel comfortable working with large figures on a daily basis. Not only does this expertise allow for greater efficiency when preparing financial statements, it also permits financial information to be provided and analyzed precisely. Imagine if an accountant did not possess the required expertise with numeracy and incorrectly credited an amount of $100 million dollars into retained earnings, when really, there were only $10 million dollars to be credited in the retained earnings account. Consequently, the shareholders’ equity section of the organization would be overstated and financial decisions would be made based on the incorrect financial information provided. In the long run, if this accountant continues to make these silly mistakes because his or her lack of expertise with numeracy, inevitably, the organization altogether is negatively affected. Generally, CAs receive managerial roles within companies and organizations and are held responsible for a variety of tasks. All CAs at some time along their career path work as advisors in public practice; they provide accounting and business advice to clients in areas like tax, audit, information technology†¦etc (â€Å"What do CAs Do? †). Hence, it is necessary that CAs have good communication skills so they can interact with clients to assist them in understanding the financial situation of their organization. CAs also have to express concerns within the organization they work for. For this reason, CAs are required to provide strategic leadership by presenting their ideas and concerns clearly with strong communication skills. On a similar note, integrity is a very important attribute for an accountant to possess. â€Å"CAs are valued for their integrity and expertise† (â€Å"Vision and Mission†). As an accountant, one needs to assess financial facts and faithfully present information of the economic situation of an organization. CAs must have the integrity to record these facts in a manner that will accurately reflect the organization’s position. Without integrity, information can be recorded in a way which results in financial statements that are misleading and inaccurate. As seen in the WorldCom accounting scandal (one of America’s largest accounting fraud in U. S. history), fraudulent accounting methods were used to hide declining earnings by presenting false information of financial growth and profitability to increase price of WorldCom’s stock in 1999. Consequently, WorldCom’s chief financial officer and controller at the time were fired and charged, serving 65 years in prison (Tran). In 2002, WorldCom filed for bankruptcy protection. By 2003, investigation revealed that the company’s total assets had been inflated by around $11 billion (Scharff). Evidently, accounting frauds result in the downfall of the business organization as a whole. All things considered, the above three mentioned expertise, skill and attribute are vital to the success of a CA. If cake represented an accountant, the ingredients can be used to differentiate one accountant from another. As for a CA, a strawberry whip cream cake, the whip cream and strawberries would be the essential skills and attributes that define the CA from any other accountants. The whip cream strawberry cake would definitely not be the same without the whip cream or the strawberry. Similarly, expertise with numeracy, strong communication skills and integrity, are the secret ingredients of a successful Chartered Accountant.

Adobe Photoshop Essay Essay Example

Adobe Photoshop Essay Paper Adobe PHOTOSHOP PS is a bitmap image processing and manipulation program. Its ideally suited for creating, modifying and outputting digital images of a photographic nature, which share a common fundamental structure: pixels in a bitmap. Simplified, but primary operations would be: * Access / acquisition of digital graphics photographic in nature * Add, subtract, modify, colorize, pixels in the images Produce digital files where the whole image is part of a fixed pixel structure (the bitmap) * Prepare complicated color/BW images for further processing in page layout programs for high resolution printing Fundamental difference: Photoshop manipulates individual color pixels within a fixed bitmap Adobe Illustrator Illustrator is a vector-based postscript drawing program. It functions by generating curved paths (Bezier curves) connected by modifiable anchor points. These anchors, with their handles are ultimately editable, and never leave the structure of the file. A vector based drawing program creates the various elements of the image as individual vector objects which retain their characteristics and do not become part of a bitmap. Fundamental difference: Illustrator generates vector objects which are not part of a bitmap http://www. graphic-design. com/Photoshop/best. html hoto shop is a computer pixel drawing program used mainly to create images that have complex texture and shading such as photographs and paintings the other type of computer drawing program is line and shape based (vector drawing) and is better for drawing high precision images with lines and areas of flat color photo shop can also do vector like drawing but it takes more time, is less precise, has fewer vector drawing tools and cannot be scaled up or down without damaging the image at least a little photos and paintings in photo shop can be scaled up as much as 10 to 20 percent without noticeable damage but do that to a line drawing in photo shop and it looks horrible photo shop is very intuitive and a natural drawing environment and so takes a lot less time to learn than a vector drawing program major uses for photo shop: photograph manipulation painting + drawing graphic design + illustration + page layout typography animation cells, sprites, and gif animations web images http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_uses_of_Photoshop#ixzz1dUVWmT5O If you are a freelancer or a media arts student trying to get your digital feet wet, its best to know the basic parts of Photoshop that stand as a foundation for the rest. The Photoshop Interface We will explore the parts of the Adobe Photoshop interface in this tutorial for those of you who may not quite know where to start with this popular image editor. We will write a custom essay sample on Adobe Photoshop Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Adobe Photoshop Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Adobe Photoshop Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Photoshop has a vast array of tools and so much to offer as an industry standard image editor. Where does one begin? What are the primary parts of Photoshop? Photoshop has what we call a GUI setup. That is a Graphical User Interface. This allows the user to interact with Photoshops primary tools via visual graphics. Photoshop is a photo and image editing software application that was created by photographers for photographers, as well as for graphic designers and other visual artists. This industry standard software has been used for a multitude of purposes – including creating magazine layouts, flyers and brochures, motion graphics for broadcast, and the list goes on. Lets start with the basic tools that every designer uses on most projects. The Menu Bar The Photoshop menu bar is on the top left corner, once you open the program. The menu bar is the standard place where you will find the File, Open, Close and Save Commands. This bar is your primary navigation around Photoshop. You will want to familiarize yourself with each of the primary menus that you will be using often. Here are some of the primary tools that visual artists use on almost all projects. The menu bar consists of nine menus: File, Edit, Image, Layer, Select, Filter, View, Window, and Help. Take a few moments now to look at each of the menus. (Click any image in this article for a larger view. ) the Open, Close, Save, and Print commands are in the File Menu * the Cut, Copy, Paste, and Transform commands are in the Edit Menu * the Image Size and Crop commands are in the Image Menu * Adjustment Layers are found in the Layer Menu * the Select, Deselect, Inverse Selection and Transform Selection commands are in the Select Menu * the Gaussian Blur and Unsharp Mask filters are in the Filter Menu * the Zoom In, Zoom Out, Fit On Screen and Actual Pixels commands are in the View Menu * the ability to show and hide all of Photoshops palettes is in the Window Menu * the Photoshop Help option is in the Help Menu The Status Bar Photoshops status bar is often an overlooked tool. The reason may be partly because it is located on the bottom left hand corner of the Photoshop window. The status bars role is to give the user three details about any open image. The number on the far left hand side indicates the size in percentage that the image is filling the screen. This is important for editing purposes with a paintbrush tool. If you are going for fine detail, you will want to magnify to view what you are doing. In the center of the status bar, you will see a number on the left which displays the uncompressed size of the image. This is helpful if you want to know how much space the image will take up on your hard drive or an external storage device. The great thing about the status bar is that it displays information about any Photoshop tool that you are presently using. Shortcuts are essential to an artist when editing an image, and you will want to familiarize yourself with the primary commands. Shortcuts serve as alternatives, if for instance your mouse suddenly stopped working in the middle of a project. You will know how to save the document with the short cut keys or hotkeys on the keyboard. If you move the mouse over your image, you will see the status bar display options for using that tool. You will also see the shortcut options in the Menu Bar window. The Tools Palette The Tools Palette is located on the left side of the interface by default. There are primary and secondary tools within this bar. Notice if you click on each tool, some may have a dark arrow located on the bottom right hand corner. This indicates that there is a fly out menu, with options related to that tool available. We will look at the basic tools that most artists use from the Tools Palette. The Toolbox First, there is the marquee or selection tool. It is used when selecting your image within a rectangular or circular frame. If you hold down the black arrow on this button, you will see the various options for the Marquee tool, including the circle marquee. Next we have the magic wand. This is another selection tool that is used often in image editing. You select your image according to a percentage or tolerance level. If you set a 30 percent tolerance level for the image, you may only get a small selection of the entire image. Whereas, if you select 75 percent, you will have a greater chance of capturing more of the image. The Blur tool is used to blur images in order to get a feathered or cloudy special effect. The Paint Bucket tool is often used to add a color to an entire background or a selected area. And last, but definitely not least, are the Color Swatches. You have to toggle back and forth between the Foreground and Background color to set the color for both. Simply click on either the foreground or background color, and a swatch palette will open up allowing you to pick a color for both your foreground and background color, for your canvas. This does not represent all of the colors you have at your disposal – that is what the Color Palette is for. The Palettes The palettes allow you to view important details about your image, such as the history, layers, and paragraphs. History allows you to toggle back and forth with changes you are making to your image. The layers palette allows you to work on parts of the image at different times, then flattening it into one image once you finalize it. Once you have familiarized yourself with Photoshops essential elements, you are ready to explore other in-depth tools and techniques. All of the tools explained are the most widely used for most graphic design projects. Take a deep breath and learn the parts of Adobe Photoshop to complete your next graphic design project. http://www. brighthub. com/multimedia/publishing/articles/64926. aspx

Profile of Christine Falling

Profile of Christine Falling Christine Falling was a 17-year-old babysitter when she murdered five babies and an elderly man. She was one of the youngest female serial killers in U.S. history. Childhood Years Christine Falling was born on March 12, 1963, in Perry, Florida to Ann, age 16 and Thomas Slaughter, age 65. Christine was Anns second child. Her sister Carol was born a year and a half earlier. From the beginning, life for Christine was challenging. Her mother Ann would often leave for months at a time. When Ann would return home, it seemed to her young daughters that she always came back pregnant. Over the following two years, after Christine was born, Ann had two more children, boys Michael and Earl. Of all the children, Thomas claimed only Earl as his biological child. The Slaughters were very poor, as were many living in Perry at the time. During Anns absence, Thomas cared for the children by bringing them out to the woods where he worked. But when he was in a work-related accident, Ann was forced to rejoin the family. After that the children were often shuffled around to family members until, according to Carol, Ann completely abandoned them, leaving them on a bench at a Perry shopping center. Jesse and Dolly Falling Dolly Falling wanted to be a mother  but was unable to have children. Her husband Jesse was related to the Slaughter children and they decided to adopt Carol and Christine. Life for the two girls at the Fallings home was unstable. Christine was epileptic and suffered from seizures. She also had severe learning and developmental problems. Physically she was unattractive, obese, and had an odd vacant look in her eyes. At an early age, Christine demonstrated personality traits that were worrisome. She would have severe fits of anger and displayed antisocial behavior. For example, she developed a fascination with torturing cats. She would strangle them and then drop them from up high to see if they really had nine lives. She learned immediately that they did not, yet that did not end her experiments. Both Carol and Christine became rebellious and unruly as they got older. However, according to author Madeline Blais in her book The Heart Is an Instrument, the girls were also subjected to physical and sexual abuse by Jesse Falling, something the Fallings both denied. However, life at the Falling home was so dysfunctional that the church pastor interceded and the Fallings agreed to send the girls away. A Refuge The girls were sent to the Great Oaks Village in Orlando. This was a group foster home designed to help neglected and abused children. Christine later commented on how much she enjoyed her time there, although according to social workers, during her stay she was a thief, compulsive liar, and would often get in trouble just for the attention that it brought. It was also noted in the social workers records that Jesse Falling had been arrested twice for sexually abusing Carol. The first arrest ended in a hung jury and the second time Dolly Falling dropped the charges. After a year at the refuge, the girls were returned to the Fallings. This time there was no sexual abuse, but the physical abuse continued. The final episode happened in October 1975 when Jesse allegedly subjected Christine to a severe beating for being 10 minutes late. He also insisted that she wear shorts to school the following day so everyone could see the justice marks. The following day the girls ran away. Munchausen Syndrome After six weeks of living with Carols friend, Christine decided to go to Blountstown and live with Ann, her birth mother. She managed to do that for a while, and in September 1977, at the age of 14, she married a man (reportedly her stepbrother) who was in his twenties. The marriage was riddled with arguments and violence and it ended after just six weeks. After her marriage failed, Christine developed a compulsion for going to the hospital emergency room. Each time she would complain of different ailments that doctors could not diagnose. One time she went complaining of bleeding, which turned out to be her regular menstrual period. Another time she thought a snake bit her. Within two years, she went to the hospital over 50 times. It seemed that Christines need for attention, which the counselors at Great Oaks Village had noted, was transferred to getting attention at the hospital. At that point, she was possibly developing Munchausen syndrome, an infliction in which those affected seek the comfort from medical personnel for exaggerated or self-inflicted symptoms of illnesses. Munchausen syndrome is closely related to Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP/MSP), when they abuse another person, usually a child, to get attention or sympathy for themselves. Christine Finds Her Calling Christine Falling had few options when it came to earning a living. She was uneducated and her maturity level was that of a young child. She managed to make some money by babysitting for neighbors and family. In fact, it seemed to be her calling. Parents trusted her and she enjoyed being with the children, or so it appeared. Her Victims - The Children On February 25, 1980, Christine was babysitting two-year-old Cassidy Muffin Johnson, when according to Falling, the child became ill and fell out of her crib. She was diagnosed with encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and died three days later. According to the autopsy, her death was due to blunt trauma to the skull. One of the doctors did not agree with the childs diagnosis and found Fallings tear-stained story questionable. He noted his suspicions that the baby was physically harmed and did not die of natural causes. He suggested that the police should talk to Falling, but investigators took no further action. Soon after the incident, Falling moved to Lakeland, Florida. The next two children to die were cousins, four-year-old Jeffrey Davis and two-year-old Joseph Spring. While caring for Jeffrey, Falling told doctors that he had stopped breathing. The autopsy report listed myocarditis, which is usually a result of a viral infection and causes inflammation of the heart. Three days later Falling was babysitting Joseph while his parents attended Jeffreys funeral. Falling said Joseph failed to wake up from his nap. He was also found with a viral infection and the case was closed. Falling decided to return to Perry  and took a position in July 1981 as a housekeeper for 77-year-old William Swindle. Swindle died on the first day that Falling worked. He was found on his kitchen floor. It was assumed that he suffered a massive heart attack. Not long after Swindles death, Fallings stepsister took her eight-month-old daughter, Jennifer Daniels, for her vaccinations. Falling went along. On the way home, the stepsister ran into the store for diapers and when she returned to the car Falling told her that Jennifer had stopped breathing. The baby was dead. On July 2, 1982, Falling was taking care of 10-week-old Travis Cook who was just home from the hospital after a week prior Christine had noticed he was having a hard time breathing. This time, however, Travis did not make it. Christine said he just suddenly died. The doctors and nurses ignored the usual tears that poured from Falling as she explained what happened. The autopsy showed that the childs death was caused by suffocation. Fallings reign of terror had finally ended. Fallings Confession Falling eventually confessed to five murders. She was afraid of getting the death penalty and agreed to a plea deal. She told detectives that she killed her victims by smotheration and had learned how to do it by watching television. She boasted about putting her own spin on the technique by placing a blanket over the children faces. She also said that she heard voices telling her to kill the baby. In a taped confession, she described the events leading up to the smotheration of each child. According to Falling: Cassidy Johnson was smothered because she had gotten kind of rowdy or something. Jeffrey Davis made me mad or something. I was already mad that morning. I just took it out on him and just started choking him til he was dead. Joe Boy was napping when I dont know. I just got the urge and wanted to kill him. Her niece, Jennifer Daniels died because She was continually crying and crying and crying and it made me mad so I just put my hands around her neck and choked her til she shut up. Travis Coleman was sleeping when for no apparent reason she killed him. Guilty Plea On September 17, 1982, Christine Falling plead guilty to murder two children and received two concurrent life sentences. After a few years in prison, she admitted to strangling William Swindle. In 2006, Falling came up for parole and was denied. Her next parole hearing was set for September 2017.

The Effects of Alcoholism on the Family Research Paper

The Effects of Alcoholism on the Family - Research Paper Example Attempts to maintain the family mythology causes the spouse to protect the alcoholic’s habits and to enable and excuse his alcoholism. It also affects the children with some of the children taking on the roles of the hero, the scapegoat, the mascot, and the quiet one as a means of coping with the parent’s alcoholism. It affects adult children, making them less able to function normally in society as they go through failed relationships and careers. The management of alcoholism includes cognitive-behavioral therapy for the alcoholic and for the patient. Family therapy and a drug regimen can also manage the alcoholism and teach the family proper coping techniques. The Effects of Alcoholism on the Family I. INTRODUCTION Alcoholism is one of the most pervasive substance addictions which many people suffer from. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2010), about 52% of adults 18 years of age and above were regular drinkers in the year 2010; and only 13% of these adults were infrequent drinkers. Alcoholism is considered a dangerous addiction because it has been known to lead to alcoholic-related deaths and alcoholic-induced deaths, including homicide and accidents. Although the individual actively engaging in the addiction process suffers a variety of effects (physiological, emotional, etc.), the family of the alcoholic is not without effect or consequence. In fact, three out of ten adults reveal that drinking is a cause of trouble in their family, leading to various physical, emotional, financial, and social issues in the family (Alcohol Drug Abuse Resource Center, 2011). The examination of current research outcomes will culminate in the identification of those effects on the role of the alcoholic, the spouse and the children, and the delicate balance between them. II. BODY – The effects of alcoholism on the family and the roles they play within the family unit: the Alcoholic, the Spouse, and the Children A. Effect s of addiction on the Alcoholic 1. Physiological Alcoholism has various physiological effects on the alcoholic’s body. According to the National Institute for Health (2005), alcoholism can have negative effects on the liver, the endocrine system, the bones, and the brain. According to the Distance Learning for Addiction Studies (n.d), it can cause dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, recurrent diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain, acute and chronic pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and it can significantly impact on the liver. It can cause alcohol fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or ascites (DLCAS, n.d). Due to scarring linked with nodules, advanced necrosis can manifest and eventually cause cirrhosis of the liver. It is also known to cause cardiovascular issues, including cardiomyopathy, anemia, and dilated blood vessels where peripheral blood vessels dilate and cause the loss of body heat (DLCAS, n.d). It can also have a negative impact on the blood vessels. Wit h each drink of alcohol, about 10,000 neurons are destroyed or are disconnected from the other brain cells. Neurons do not reproduce and therefore lost neurons are permanently lost. Alcohol is also known to increase the conductive material between brain cells, decreasing their electrical impulses and impacting the frontal lobes and affecting a person’s behavior patterns (DLCAS, n.d). In effect, he is sometimes unable to make long-term plans. It can also affect the person’

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Business - Essay Example They both provide the English legal system necessary tools for the correct and fair application of law. They are flexible yet rigid so as to ensure consistency of approach and certainty of law.1 Statutory Interpretation Parliament has the power to enact laws. The law making is subject to a long and complicated process. Courts in England and Wales have the power to interpret these laws (statutes) made by the Parliament whenever cases involving the respective statutes appear before them during the course of judicial proceedings. The judges/courts will explain how the relevant law is applicable in practice to the problems the courts are seized of during the course of litigation process. The meanings of the words appearing in the statutes of Parliament are interpretable by the judges in accordance with Statutory rules and Common law rules. Statutory method consists of Interpretation Act 1978 and Internal or Intrinsic aids while Common law method consists of literal rule by which courts r ender plain meaning to the words irrespective of result, golden rule by which courts adopt the meaning of the words more appealing to common sense in the case of more than one meaning being attributed to the word in question, mischief rule by which the judge has to interpret in the light of knowledge if the law has a defect or mischief , ejusdem generic rule which requires words must be interpreted as a person or thing belonging to the same class or genus, expressio unius est exclusion alterius rule which means that in case of a rule mentioning one or more things, other should be excluded oscitus a soccis rule which requires to follow the contextual meaning of a word in question. Further there are presumptions and use of extrinsic material. The presumptions entail that courts can a make various assumptions such as act not with retrospective effect, not binding the crown, not altering the common law, restricting personal liberty and creating criminal liability. The extrinsic material s serve as sources of information. They are International Conventions and Treaties, Law Commission Reports and Hansard proceedings which once had not been allowed to be used for statutory interpretation2. Judicial precedent Judicial precedent is common law system by which a precedent serves as an authority, principle or rule established in a litigation formerly decided. This becomes a binding or persuasive precedent for lower courts or tribunal to be followed in deciding future cases with similar facts or issues. The precedent appears in various forms. They are precedent in action that refers to the judge’s speech in a judgement, European Court of Justice (ECJ) since all the English courts are bound by the ECJ concerning European law with effect from 1973, The Supreme Court (formerly House of Lords) as this is the highest domestic court of appeal serving as the judicial authority which the House of Lords enjoyed formerly. Court of appeal whose decisions are binding on the Hig h Court and whose decisions are bound to the Supreme Court, Divisional Courts who are bound by the decisions of Supreme Court and Court of Appeal and High Court which is bound by the decisions of Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and Divisional Court and not by another High court judge. 3 It would be clear therefore judiciary’s function is not to simply apply the laws but to interpret them and establish binding precedents. It is because there are difficulties in drafting out legislation and there are chances of unintended meanings and ambiguities creeping in the statutes. In many cases, the Parliament’s intent will be very clear in which case it will facilitate Court’s interpretation in an unambiguous manner. Courts are enabled to

Verbal And Nonverbal Communication In The Workplace

Verbal And Nonverbal Communication In The Workplace In an organization good communication is very important to have a good quality of understanding with each other and to have an excellence of connecting with your colleagues. In communication, we have a choice of expressing ourselves whether we use verbal communication and nonverbal communication or we can use written communication. In verbal communication and nonverbal communication we express ourselves personally. We can communicate directly to the person we want to talk to. In written communication, you can use this if you have a doubt or shyness to talk directly to that particular person. Especially when you want to communicate to your employer or a higher position than you, you should not directly talk to them. You can only write a letter to let them know what your opinion is or what is inside your mind. This process is currently carried out in mostly larger organization. 1.1 BODY: Verbal communication and nonverbal communication are more important today than written communication. I definitely disagree with this. Though verbal and nonverbal are important, written communication for me is more important. Nowadays there are lots of ways to communicate with others like web cam, video call, video conferencing, Skype and so on. In this way some employees can communicate to their supervisors easily but they do not even think that one incorrect word can make their conversation goes wrong. For me, written communications is still the best way to communicate with your supervisors. In written communication you can think what is the best way or word that cannot hurt or insult your colleagues. Some people do not have a consideration of who they are talking to. Some just express whatever is inside their mind not knowing that someone is being offended. Written communications control the quality and are stored for future reference. Written communication necessitates conduction of message in black and white. It mostly consists of diagrams, pictures, graphs, etc. Policies, rules, orders, instructions and agreements have to be expressed in written form for correct functioning of the organization. Written communication assures that everyone involved has the same information. It gives a long-term record of communication for upcoming future. Written directions are necessary when the action called for is essential and complex. To be effective, written communication should be comprehensible, brief, straightforward and complete. Written communication is very normal in business situations, so it is essential for small business owners and managers to increase effective written communication skills. Some of the forms of written communication that are used within business functions include memos, reports, bulletins, job descriptions, employee manuals, and electronic mail. Examples of written communication opportunities natu rally pursued with clients, vendors, and other members of the business community, in the meantime, include electronic mail, Internet Web sites, letters, proposals, telegrams, faxes, postcards, contracts, advertisements, brochures, and news releases. 1.1.1 Some Types of Written Communication in an Organization: Memorandum or memos is a file or other communication that helps the memory by documenting events or inspections on a topic, such as may be used in a business office. Memorandum may have any layout, or it may have a design specific to an office or institution. In law particularly, a memorandum is a document of the terms of a operation or agreement, such as a policy memo, memorandum of understanding, memorandum of agreement, or memorandum of association. If the user is a associate, the format is usually much more adaptable. At its most basic level, a memorandum can be a handwritten note to ones supervisor. Annual report is an inclusive report on a companys performance all through the preceding year. Annual reports are proposed to give shareholders and other interested people information about the companys actions and financial occurrence. Most fields require companies to organize and disclose annual reports, and several need the annual report to be recorded at the companys registry. Companies listed on a stock exchange are also required to report at more numerous times. Business letter is a letter written in proper language, usually used when writing from one business association to another, or for connection between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The general style of letter will depend on the connection between the parties concerned. Business proposal is a written proposal from a seller to a potential buyer. Business proposals are often a first step in the complicated sales process. For example whenever a buyer considers more than price in a purchase. Business proposals have three distinct categories. These are formally solicited, informally solicited and unsolicited. A proposal puts the customers requests in a situation that favours the sellers products and services, and educates the customer about the potentials of the seller in satisfying their requirements. A successful proposal results in a sale, where both parties get what they want, a win to win position. Bulletin Board System is a computer system running software that acknowledge users to join and log into the system using a station program. Once logged in, a user can execute functions such as uploading and downloading software and data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging messages with other users, both through electronic mail or in public message boards. Many bulletin board systems are also on-line, in which users can connect with each other, and bulletin board systems with multiple phone lines frequently offer chat rooms, allowing users to network with each other. 1.1.2 The Advantages of Written Communications Are: It ensures transmission of information in uniform manner. It provides a permanent record of communication for future reference. It is an idealistic way of conveying long messages. It ensures little risk of unauthorized alteration in the message. It tends to be comprehensive, obvious and accurate. It is well suited to express messages to a large number of persons at the same time. It can be quoted as legal evidence in case of any disputes. Policy matters, service conditions, restricted orders and commands and many other communications can be successfully and pleasingly communicated only through written communication because they are essential for future reference so that crucial action may be taken against the subordinates who fail to follow the communication. It can be used as proof if any disagreement arises, avoiding unnecessary disputes. When the sender and the receiver are at far points, even afar telephonic range, written communication maybe the only form of communication. Writt en communication is the only way out in such cases where the message is too long and designed for a large number of persons. Written communication gives extra time to the receiver to think, evaluate, and then make a decision upon the accurate course of action. Written communication is more arranged, and it is compulsory upon the subordinates and their superiors. Written communication becomes important to deliver onto others, exact and precise information. While writing a message, unnecessary words and all possible mistakes can be avoided to make a point. Written communication can support the communication flow because it is documented information that can be consigned back to if needed. It can be photocopied and passed on in accurately the same set-up to more than one person. This is very helpful for a company when it requires making sure that all employees get the same message. 1.2 CONCLUSION: I therefore conclude that written communication is more important than verbal communication and nonverbal communication, although these two are also important in communication. Written communication is crucial in every organization. Employees can communicate with their employer through written communications. They can think properly on what they will write on the letter to express their own ideas to improve the organizations performance. However your letter will go through a lot of levels first before your employer can receive it. For example it will go through first to your supervisor or manager before it goes to your employer. Written communication is an essential way to communicate with your colleagues, for example you can chat with them without seeing their webcam or through emails. You can think before you type what you wanted to say. You can read what you type first before sending the message. This is also a very good way for shy individuals to communicate with their friends. T hey can express more clearly their thoughts than to communicate personally. Even for me, I still prefer using written communication than verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Even though I am not shy to communicate personally I am more confident with my words through written communication. I can think clearly and can express properly how to communicate my thoughts to others. 2.0 INTRODUCTION: Communication occurs at various stages (even for one particular action), in numerous ways, and for most beings, as well as certain machines. Some, if not all fields of study, commit a part of attention to communication. So when speaking about communication, it is very crucial to be sure about what features of communication one is speaking about. Definitions of communication extend widely, some recognizing that animals can communicate with each other as well as individuals, and some are narrower, only including individuals within the limits of human symbolic interaction. Miscommunication is one particular case of a lack of alignment of individuals mental state, specifically one in which they diverge on the occurrence or results of communication. Communication is action, and thus miscommunication can be viewed as demands of action failure (when the spokesperson fails to generate the aimed result), misperception (when the audiences cannot distinguish what the spokesman intended to communicate), or both as Austin1962 noted. Miscommunication happens when one side does not communicate enough information to us, or we misinterpret the real meaning of their words. In either case, we get a different meaning of their words than they intended. With the arrival of e-mail and IM chat, this is a becoming a general problem currently because type-based communication is asynchronous communication, meaning that individuals do not communicate in actual time. Asynchronous communication does not allow for instant opinion response, based upon their typed words alone, our minds have to understand what the other person is saying. Miscommunication can also occur in any type of communication setting, although most common in typed-based communication. No communication or a lack of communication is another common type of miscommunication. 2.1 BODY: People are always afraid of the worst outcome. The mind will fill in the missing information with their own creative insight, which is often fear-based in miscommunication. For example a husband who is out late and forgets to call his wife. Because there is a lack of communication there, the wife begins to worry and her mind instantly switches to fear mode. Self-talk happens and it takes the figure of her own fears. Our minds will always assume the worst likely outcomes based on our worries and anxiety. 2.1.1 Factors Involved of Miscommunication in an Organization: Information Overload Too much information is as bad as too little because it decreases the audience capability to focus efficiently on the most important points. People facing information overload occasionally try to manage by disregarding some of the messages, by obstructing responses to messages they consider unimportant, by answering only parts of some messages, by responding incorrectly to certain messages or by taking less time with each message. Message Complexity You communicate both as an individual and as representative of an organization when formulating business messages. Thus you must modify your own ideas and style so that they are adequate to your employer. In fact, you may be asked frequently to write or state something that you disagree with individually. Suppose you work as a recruiter for your company. You have interviewed a job candidate, others in the firm have rejected this applicant but you believe he would make an excellent employee. Message Competition Conversationalists are often faced with messages that compete for concentration. Both messages are suitable to get short shrift if you are talking on the phone while scanning a report. Even your own messages may have to compete with a range of interruptions such as people intrusion, meetings are called, the phone rings every five minutes and a crisis erupts. In short, your messages infrequently have the benefit on the receivers complete attention. Differing Status Employees of lower rank may be too careful when sending messages to managers and may speak only about topics they think the manager is fascinated in. Likewise, higher rank people may twist messages by rejecting to consider anything that would incline to challenge their authority in the company. Also, belonging to a specific section or being responsible for a specific duty can narrow your opinion so that it differs from the manners, values, and expectations of individuals who belong to other divisions or who are liable for other tasks. Lack of Trust It is a difficult problem when building trust. Other establishment members dont know whether you will reply in a compassionate or liable way, so trusting can be dangerous. However without trust, free and open communication is efficiently blocked, affecting the companys steadiness. It is not enough just being clear in your communication. Inadequate Communication Structures Formal restrictions on who may communicate with whom and who is authorized to make decisions affects organizational communication. Designing too little proper stations blocks effective communication. Powerfully centralized organizations, particularly those with an extreme degree of formalization, lessen communication ability, and they reduce the affinity to communicate horizontally thus limiting the capability to synchronize performances and decisions. Incorrect Choice of Medium Your message can be distorted so that the intended meaning is blocked if you choose an inappropriate communication medium. You can select the most proper medium by corresponding your preference with the nature of the message and of the group or the individual who will receive it. Telephones and other interactive electronic media are not as rich, although they allow immediate feedback, they do not grant visual nonverbal signs such as facial expressions, eye contact and body movements. Physical distractions Communication barriers are aplenty but easy to remedy or avoid, like room temperature, weak acoustics, and unreadable copy. Even though noise or this type seems unimportant, it can completely obstruct an otherwise efficient message. Your receiver may also be distracted by an unpleasant chair, poor lighting, or some other annoying situation. In several cases, the barrier may be connected to the receivers wellbeing. Hearing or optical mutilation or even a headache can obstruct the signal of a message. 2.1.2 Ways to Prevent Miscommunication: Information overload We should realize that some information are not needed and make essential information effortlessly available. Provide relevant information and be as direct to the point as possible with the simplest of language. Avoid information that is not crucial. Message Complexity We should keep messages clear and easy to understand. Use strong organization, guide readers by telling them what to expect, use concrete and specific language, and stick to the point. Be sure to ask for feedback so that you can clarify and improve your message. Message Competition Prevent making hassles on a receiver who does not have the time to give careful consideration to your message. Create written messages visually pleasing and simple to understand, and make an effort to send them when your receiver has time to read them. Oral messages are generally helpful when you can talk directly to your receiver (rather than to mediators or answering machines). Differing Status Strive to ensure supervisors and colleagues are well knowledgeable. Persuade lower position employees to keep you informed by being reasonable and courteous of their views. When you have information that you think that your superior might not like, be courageous and express it anyway. Position barriers can be conquered by a motivation to produce and collect bad news. Lack of Trust Be noticeable and available. Do not shield yourself behind associates or secretaries. Give key information to colleagues and employees, communicate truthfully, and incorporate employees in assessment making. For communication to be triumphant, companies must generate an ambience of equality and trust. Inadequate Communication Structures Propose more avenues for communicating, both formally and informally like using platforms such as employee evaluations, open-door procedures, newsletters, memo, and mission groups. Aim to decrease chain of command levels, increase synchronization between sections, and persuade two-way communication. Incorrect Choice of Medium Select the wealthiest media for no standard, complicated message. Use rich media to expand and to civilize your existence throughout the organization, to communicate thoughtfully and personally to employees, and to achieve employee devotion to organizational objectives. Utilize slender media to communicate easy, regular messages. Physical distractions Strive to organize properly written documents which are plain, brief, and complete. When organizing verbal presentations try to obtain a setting which authorizes audience to see and listen to the presenter clearly. 2.2 CONCLUSION: I therefore conclude that having a good communication in the organization is the crucial way to improve the organization itself. People always fear the worst outcome before communicating with their superiors in the organization. When we are faced with miscommunication, we must keep our minds open to additional possibilities without adopting a certain truth about the other person until we know exactly what they mean or think. How can this be accomplished? Well, your fears and assumptions will automatically kick in. There is no way to fend against that because that is how our minds are wired. Instead of adopting those assumptions as the truth however, simply acknowledge those assumptions as one possibility out of a number of possibilities. List other possibilities with your assumptions and acknowledge them all without judging or evaluating them. Simply tell yourself, These are all possible, but we do not know the truth yet, so I will not lock myself into any one of them. By keeping you r mind open to additional possibilities, you can break the assumption triangle and prevent miscommunication conflict from happening. By doing all these we can prevent miscommunication. It is up to us how we communicate with others. If we finally overcome our fear, it will help us accomplish our goals in life. 3.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1.) Unknown Author, Communication, Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, viewed on 2nd October 2010, 2.) Lewis,G., Slade, C., 1994, Critical Communication, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Australia 3.) Taylor, S., 1999, Communication for Business, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Limited, United States of America 4.) Windschuttle, K., Elliott, E., 1999, Writing, Searching, Communicating (Communication Skills for the Information Age), 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company Australia Pty Limited, Australia 5.) Unknown Author, 2006, Business Communication, 1st Edition, World Educational Council 6.) Schramm, W., 1954, The process and effects of communication: How communication works (pp. 3-26), University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois 7.) Barnlund, D. C., 2008, Communication theory: A transactional model of communication, 2nd Edition (pp47-57), New Brunswick, New Jersey 8.) Unknown Author, Verbal Communication Used in Business, Exforsys Inc. Execution for system, viewed on 2nd October 2010, 9.) Unknown Author, Written Communication-Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages, Management Study Guide.com, viewed on 2nd October 2010, 10.) Le, M. 1999, Miscommunication: from Intracultural to Intercultural Socialisation, International Journal: Language, Society and Culture, Australia, viewed on 8th October 2010, 11.) Nah, W. 2009, Causes of Miscommunication in Everyday Life, SOSYBERTY, viewed on 8th October 2010, 12.) Whitehead, B. 2006, Identifying and overcoming barriers to effective communication, Web Conferencing Zone, viewed on 10th October 2010,

Competitive Strategy and Competitive Advantages Essay

1- Innovation is important because it allows differentiation from competitors, manufacturing is easier and more flexible, the bar for competition is raised, and there is greater market segmentation. 2- Some advantages of technological innovation are: a wider range of products and services can be delivered to people, GDP has increased, people can communicate in every part of the world, the production of food has become more efficient, and it has yield medical treatments to improve medical conditions. The quality of life has improved. It has created new knowledge to solve practical problems. Disadvantages include: harmful pollution to surrounding communities, erosion from fishing and agricultural technologies, elimination of natural habitats, genetic modification, and antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. 3- Many innovations projects fail to generate an economic return because it takes a long time to research and develop the innovation. Once this product comes out on the market, it has already become obsolete because a new technology is already being researched as technology is constantly changing. Also, clear strategies are not developed by a firm and poor management of the innovation occurs. Chpt 2 – Sources of Innovation 1(a) Advantages of individuals as innovators: deep understanding of their unmet needs and the incentive to find ways to fulfill them, users have no initial intention to profit from their inventions, new industries can be created. A disadvantage include lack of entrepreneurial traits. 1(b) Advantages of firms as innovators include alliances with stakeholders, absorptive capacity is built via the firm’s in-house R&D. A disadvantage is when firms collaborate with complementors, the firms produce a range of goods and the line between the firm and the complementors becomes blurred. 1(c) Advantages of universities: staff is encouraged to engage in research that may lead to innovations. If an invention is commercialized, the income is shared with the individual inventor. The disadvantage to this is the university has the sole discretion to commercialize the invention and not the inventor. 1(d) Advantages of government institutions as innovators include: the government grants innovative small businesses funding, it develops science parks and incubators. The disadvantage to this is, since the government support so much R&D and funds firms, the government spends less money on R&D as the years passes. 1(e) Non profit organizations perform their own research and development activities and also fund the development efforts of others. 2- Traits include: unconventional thinking, analytic skills, articulation of ideas, self- efficacy, tolerance for ambiguity, and a willingness to to overcome obstacles and take reasonable risks. These traits do not necessarily lead to successful inventions because the inventor may know too little or too much about the field. Also, at times the inventor may not have enough support to think creatively. 3- Firms can look at where individuals have worked before and what they have invented/created. Their past background can indicate they have potential to be more creative. 4- If a firm’s culture, structure, routines, etc supports creativity, then it can perhaps encourage creativity in individuals. These things can inspire an individual to be creative because they are being supported by their employer. Google supports creativity; the firm allows employees to have their own creative workspaces and also gives them the employees great independence. This inspires creativity. 5- Collaborative research develops relationships and networks where people can share information, resources, and ideas to develop something that is innovative. Results can be achieved better this way rather than individually. Chpt 3- Types and Patterns of Innovation 1- Some reasons are: R&D costs can be very high, the innovation can probably take years to develop, technology performance can decrease fast depending on how much effort was put into it, the new technology is threatened by discontinuous technologies, the market for the technology is not large enough, people are unwilling to adopt to the new technology, the technology does not fit in with the firm’s current abilities, and products and services relating to the new technology may be unreliable and/or expensive. 2- Well developed firms are likely to adopt to new technologies instead of developing them because new technologies does not have a dominant design. Established firms are very familiar with the dominant design and do not experiment with new technologies. Instead, the established firms focuses on new knowledge/understanding of existing technologies. It tries to improve products and make production more efficient. New entrants are eager to experiment with new technologies because they are introducing something new into the market; they can perhaps build on that to develop market share. 3- The invention of a laptop with Internet is a radical innovation. It is portable, users can access internet on the go without wires, and work can be done from anywhere. The laptop is competence enhancing as it has built the way for other technologies (e.g. tablets). 4- S-Curve technology improvement: in the early stages, the technology is not understood and effort is put into understanding the technology, when the understanding of the technology is better, improvements are accelerated. The technology begins to gain legitimacy, more improvements are made and the performance begins to increase rapidly. When the limits if the technology is reached, diminishing returns is seen. S-Curve technology diffusion: the adoption of a new technology is slow initially because people are unfamiliar with it. As the technology is better understood, it is utilized by the mass market. When the market has become saturated, the rate if new adoptions declines. 5- Customers are slow to adopt new technologies if there is no trend or demand in the market; technology changes everyday, thus improvements are faster and customers may or may no know about technological trends. If a firm develops a technology beyond the current state of the market need, it has a high competitive advantage, considered innovative ( the firm can build on this) and profit can be made. However, if there is no demand for this technology and the firm cannot penetrate the market, the firm’s costs can become very high and it will lose profit. 6- Short technology cycles: IT, software, social networking, engineering, food, music Long technology cycles: medical, auto, energy, finance, Factors: customer needs, demand, competition, markets, R&D, government, laws Chpt 4- Standards Battles and Design Dominance 1- Sources: learning effects- the more a technology is used, the better it is understood and the more efficient and effective it becomes. Performance is increased and costs are reduced because of these factors. Network externalities- the value/benefit of a good increases because other users in large numbers utilize this particular good. 2- Industries with increasing returns to adoption: Internet software/services, e-commerce, banking, security systems, social networking 3- Increase R&D research, patents, market the properly, hire the best and the brightest from all over the world, increase the industry standard and absorptive capacity, develop more complementary technologies. 4- Network externalities and the stand alone functionality 5- Consumers: yes; they can rely on one firm for the technology because the standard is high and the product is good Competitor: no; they do not have the market share, customers, or profit Complementors: yes; more profit and customers

A Property of the Clan Essay

I have chosen to explore the theme of Peer Pressure from the text â€Å"A property of the clan† and the film â€Å"Thirteen†. In â€Å"A property of the clan† peer pressure plays a major part in the unfortunate events that unravelled within the play. This is most evident in the scene, when no one knew what had actually happened that night of the party, except those who had committed the act, and Jared. Page 28, Jared confesses to Ricko that he had witnessed the raping of Tracy that night at Black Rock.But Jared had not said anything to anyone as those who committed the felony, were in fact his friends. Jared tells Ricko â€Å"It's a madhouse. Davo and them running round saying don't be a dobber, and then the posters on telegraph poles. Shame Black Rock Shame. † This cleary portrays peer pressure as he feels as though he needs to refrain from telling the truth, to not be labelled a snitch. And he is put under more pressure considering the fact that they are his friends, and he believes that he cannot go against them, even if it is the right thing to do.After Jared tells Ricko what he had saw, Ricko gets defensive and tells Jared to keep his mouth shut. â€Å"Forget you even saw it. Nobody knows you were there. It's just the way things happen. †. Jared respons with â€Å"All right! † This represents peer pressure as Jared is put on the spot and being hassled not to tell anyone what he had seen. Jared's response with â€Å"All right! † shows him giving into peer pressure and is listening to what they are telling him to do. Powerlessness is shown in this scene by the main character Jared, as he is the vitim in the situation.This is shown mainly with the use of language techniques. For instance, page 31, â€Å"Not a word. Not a name. Not a single fucking name. Get it? † says Ricko. The use of slang and cursive lauguage by Ricko portrays aggressiveness toward Jared, putting Jared in a powerless state as he liste ns and just goes with it, not saying one word. Also, this use of launguage portrays Ricko's assertivness and puts Jared in a state where he cannot do anything about it, and that he has to listen to him. He is powerless in the situation.My poster promotes peer pressure through visual techniques such as juxaposition. This is evident as in the background, the people are positioned close together as a group, to show isolation and power over the main image of the girl. Also the use of colour is simple but eye-catching as it creates the focal point (girl) due to the contrast in colour (black and white). This layout portrays how in the play, Jared is left to decide for himself, whether he should do the right thing, or stick by his peers. Peer pressure also plays a huge role in the film â€Å"Thirteen†.Tracy (7th grader) becomes friends with the most popular girl in school, Evie, and is introduced to drugs, alcohol and sex. But Peer pressure was first and most evident when Tracy firs t hung out with Evie at a popular clothing store. Tracy shockingly witnesses Evie and her friend stealing clothing and accessories but steps outside the store as she knew it was wrong, and was laughed at and looked down by them. She had a moment to herself and thought about what had just happened. Ironically, a woman then sat next to her, and put her purse down. Tracy had a thought to herself.And only moments later, reunites with Evie, showing the wallet she had stolen and all the money that was inside. Evie's attitude toward Tracy was flipped and was then happily welcomed by her. This shows a form of peer power as Tracy is felt unwelcomed and as if she weren't fitting in, leading her to feel pressured into stealing aswell. Both power and powerlessness is shown by the main character Tracy in this scene. Powerlessness is shown through the technique juxtaposition, as Evie and her friend are always positioned close together, where as Tracy is always by herself ; portraying power over T racy.But at the end of this scene, when Tracy decided to steal the purse, she was welcomed by Evie and the use of up-beat music showed power as they walked happily together; ending the scene. Again, my poster promotes the theme of peer pressure through visual techniques such as colour. The colour of the people in the background are coloured in a shade of black, to contrast with the main image of the person in the foreground, to represent isolation and power over her. Also, the gestures made by the main image, (e. g. er stance and facials) show the feel of uneasiness in the situation, as she is under pressure by her peers. This contrasting image reflects how in the film, Tracy felt powerless and also uneasy about the situation she was in, but eventually gave in due to her peers. To conclude, peer pressure is clearly present in both the related texts â€Å"A Porperty of the Clan† and the film† thirteen†. Peer pressure is an inevitable part of life, which everyone wi ll evetually encounter; And these both these texts show the consequences of such.

Christianity vs Buddhism - 923 Words

â€Å"Rivers, ponds, lakes, and streams—they all have different names, but they all contain water. Just as religions do—they all contain truths,† said by Muhammad Ali. Religion is the belief and reverence for a supernatural power and powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe (2003). The religions I’ve chose to compare and contrast would be non denomination/ Christianity and Buddhism. Each religion would be broken down by their religious belief, religious ritual, and religious experience. The definition of these religious things are: religious belief is a statement to which members of a particular religion adhere, religious ritual is a practice required or expected of members of a faith, and religious experience is the feeling or†¦show more content†¦Religious Belief Christians believe in Jesus Christ as their savor, while the devil is the enemy of Jesus and try to get Christians to commit evil acts. Angels and demons come into play when good and bad things happen in the world. [Angels=good and Demons=bad] Jesus or God controls Heaven, while the devil controls hell. Heaven is where good souls end up and Hell is where the damned souls end up. People usually use the Holy Spirit as the divine power that enters the person bodies and Virgin Mary is the woman that gave birth to Jesus. Now Buddhist believed in Anatman, Karma, and The Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths are: all of life is marked by suffering, suffering is caused by desire and attachment, suffering can be eliminated, and suffering is eliminated by following the Noble Eightfold Path. Anatman is when Buddhism analyzes human existence as made up of five aggregates or bundles (skandhas): the material body, feelings, perceptions, predispositions or karmic tendencies, and consciousness. A nd Karma is a persons acts and their ethical consequences (2007) Religious Rituals Christians go to Church on Sundays and worship the Lord Jesus Christ. They also read and study the scriptures from the bible new and old testaments. During public and private prayer they pray to GodShow MoreRelatedBuddhism : Buddhism Vs. Christianity1247 Words   |  5 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Journey 3 Buddhism vs. Christianity Brianna M. Stutheit George Fox University We can define rituals as repeated actions that provides us with meaning and significance. Symbols are a small unit of a ritual. Both rituals and symbols play an active role in religion. 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